Concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), total petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in 84 near-surface soils (5-20 cm depth) taken from a 255 km2 area of Glasgow in the Clyde Basin, UK, during July 2011. Total petroleum hydrocarbon ranged from 79-2,505 mg kg-1 (mean 388 mg kg-1; median 272 mg kg-1) of which the aromatic fraction was 13-74 % (mean 44 %, median 43 %) and saturates were 28-87 % (mean 56 %, median 57 %). Σ16 PAH varied from 2-653 mg kg-1 (mean 32.4 mg kg-1; median 12.5mg kg-1) and Σ31 PAH range was 2.47-852 mg kg-1 (mean 45.4 mg kg-1; median 19.0 mg kg-1). PCB tri-hepta range was 2.2-1052 mg kg-1 (mean 32.4 mg kg-1; median 12.7 mg kg-1) and the ΣPCB7 was 0.3-344 mg kg-1 (mean 9.8 mg kg-1; median 2.7 mg kg-1). This data is associated with the published research paper https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691018000324 Kim, A.W., Vane, C.H., Moss-Hayes, V. Berriro, D.B., Fordyce, F., Everrett, P. Nathanail, P.C. 2018. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in urban soils of Glasgow, UK. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 108, 2-3, 231-248.

This information details the method of calculating dilatancy from pore volumometry measurements. In the velocity step tests, an initial shear enhanced compaction phase drastically reduces the sample pore volume until the sample yields. After the sample yields, the pore volume continues to decrease but at a lower rate of decrease. The imposed velocity steps cause compaction or dilation of the sample material that is superimposed on this overall compaction trend. Pore pressure is held at a set point in all tests and any volume changes in the control system are assumed to correspond directly to changes in pore volume in the sample. The method here is aimed at producing quantitative, reproducible values for dilatancy from experimental data. The script fits a polynomial function to all the volume data to give the overall trend of the shear enhanced compaction. The data position of the start of the velocity step of interest is entered manually into the function. When dilatancy occurs on a step change in velocity, this is not immediately recorded using volumometry, as the permeability of the sample will produce a transient response as pore fluid pressure equilibrates between the sample and the pore fluid pressure system. To discount time effects, every velocity step was processed with a ‘time_dep’ phase for the first 100µm of displacement after the imposed velocity step change. Using the values for ‘vel_step’ and ‘time_dep’, the volumometry data are split into separate matrices incorporating time and volume preceding and following the velocity step change. A linear regression model fits a polynomial curve to the pore volumometry data and returns the coefficient of determination (R2) for the fit of the model. The shear enhanced compaction phase prior to yield is included in the fit. The code incrementally adds the value entered for ‘step’ to the data in the velocity step of interest. This ‘step’ value is a positive or negative value depending on whether the velocity has increased or decreased, respectively. A new linear regression model is then fitted to the whole dataset and if the R2 value has increased, the code will continue to loop to add the value of ‘step’ to the pore volume data. It concludes when the R2 value reaches a peak and begins to decrease, as the fit is no longer improving. We assume at this point that the effect of the dilatancy due to the velocity step has been removed, and the cumulative sum of the ‘step’ values is equivalent to the dilatancy. As the loop goes one iteration past the optimum R2 value, the code reverts to the previous set of values with the best R2 value. In experiments with multiple velocity step changes, the code needs to retain the previous corrections of the data. The function ‘pf_correct’ is used to correct the velocity steps that have been previously processed. The values for ‘vel_step’, ‘time_dep’ and the returned value of ‘offset’ need to be given in the inputs for ‘pf_correct’.

Radiocarbon measurements on planktic and benthic foraminifera from sediment cores in the North Atlantic: Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) 983, SU90-44, MD04-2829, MD01-2461, and EW9302-2JPC Site 983 is located on the Bjorn Drift in approximately 1650 m water depth on the eastern flank of the Reykjanes Ridge. Hole 983A Position: 60°24.200'N, 23°38.437'W. Sediment core SU90-44 collected from the north-eastern Atlantic basin, near the top of a small abyssal hill, southeast of the Rockall plateau, 50°01'N, 17°06'W, 4279 m. Sediment core MD04-2829 collected from Rosemary Bank in the Northern Rockall Trough 58º 56.93’ N; 09º 34.30’ W; 1743 m water depth. Sediment core MD01-2461 was collected from the north-western flank of the Porcupine Seabight approximately 550 km to the southwest, 51°45’N, 12°55’W; 1153 m water depth, recovered in 2001. Core EW9302-2JPC recovered from the Rockall Plateau and East Flank of Reykjanes Ridge from the Flemish Cap in the south- eastern Labrador Sea, 48°47.70′N, 45°05.09′W, taken at water depth 1251m.

Activity (dpm/g) of Uranium and thorium isotopes from 3 sediment cores in the North Atlantic: ODP980, ODP983, EW9302-2JPC. Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 980 was drilled in July 1995 in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Feni Drift, off the eastern edge of the Rockall Plateau at 55.49°N, 14.70°W. Hole 980A Position: 55°29.087'N, 14°42.134'W. Hole 980B Position: 55°29.094'N, 14°42.137'W. ODP Site 983 was drilled was drilled in July 1995 and is located on the Bjorn Drift in approximately 1650 m water depth on the eastern flank of the Reykjanes Ridge. Hole 983A Position: 60°24.200'N, 23°38.437'W. Site EW9302-2JPC, an ODP Site Survey in 1993, of Rockall Plateau and East Flank of Reykjanes Ridge from the Flemish Cap in the south- eastern Labrador Sea (Figure 1). EW9302-2JPC Position: 4847.700 N, 4505.090 W, taken at water depth 1251m.

3D models of Ediacaran organisms generated using NURBS modelling for use in computer simulations of fluid flow. Models built between 2021 and 2023 using the computer-aided design program Rhinoceros 3D. File names refer to different fossil taxa and surfaces. STP files can be opened with most CAD software, including freely available programs such as Autodesk Fusion 360 and FreeCAD.

X-discontinuity observations recorded from receiver function stacks of passive-source seismic data. Receiver functions are recorded between January 1990 and October 2021 at numerous seismometers on the African continent (see Pugh et al., 2023 for details). Receiver functions are downloaded, processed using SMURFPy (Cottaar et al., 2020). They are subsequently stacked in the depth and time-slowness domains in 1 degree radius overlapping bins and interpreted for the presence of the X-discontinuity. The dataset comprises 597 stacks, their location, the depth of the X-discontinuity, a classification of the stack and the amplitudes of the X-discontinuity. See Pugh et al., 2023 for further details on the method, the code used to download, process and stack receiver functions can be found at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4337258 Pugh et al., 2023 - Multigenetic Origin of the X-discontinuity Below Continents: Insights from African Receiver Functions.

Mean grain size data in the sortable silt fraction (10-63 um) from 0- 8 meters composite depth in Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) site 980. Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 980 was drilled in July 1995 in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Feni Drift, off the eastern edge of the Rockall Plateau at 55.49°N, 14.70°W. Hole 980A Position: 55°29.087'N, 14°42.134'W. Hole 980B Position: 55°29.094'N, 14°42.137'W.

Zircon U-Pb data are presented for six plutonic rocks recovered from the Pacific oceanic crust (IODP Hole 1256D). These data constrain the age of the section, as well as the duration of crustal accretion. The data cover the bulk of the plutonic section recovered and were generated during post-cruise research for IODP Expedition 335 (2011-2013; PI Lissenberg). Data collection was done at the NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratories at the British geological Survey. NERC Isotope Geosciences Facilities award IP-1276-1111. This work resulted from participation in IODP Expedition 335, NERC grant NE/J005592/1

Groundwater and gas samples collected from sites in the Vale of Pickering and analysed for major gas concentrations, methane stable isotopes, and noble gas compositions.

Results of shore-based micropaleontological analysis, summarizing planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy at Site U1559A. IODP Hole U1559A located in the central South Atlantic (30°15.6335′S, 15°2.0942′W). Collected data allowed to identify slumped interval of older material present within much younger upper part of the local sedimentary sequence.