Fe isotope data constraining the evolution of the Galápagos mantle plume (NERC Grant NE/V000411/1)

The data consists of Fe-isotope ratio measurements, expressed in permil notation (δ57Fe) relative to the international standard IRMM-014 following standard practise. The measurements are of bulk rock samples and the sample set consisted of a suite of well-characterized basalts and picrites from three periods in the evolution of the Galápagos plume, from the approximately 70- to 90-Ma plume head [Tortugal, Curaçao (Lesser Antilles), and Gorgona Island (Colombia)], 60- to 70-Ma head-tail transitional accreted terranes [Quepos (Costa Rica) and Azuero Peninsula (Panama)], and modern (<2 Ma) steady-state plume. The samples were provided by collaborators Esteban Gazel (Central American samples) and Dennis Geist (Galapagos) in powder form. Original data on the samples can be found in the following references: D. J. Geist, T. R. Naumann, J. J. Standish, M. D. Kurz, K. S. Harpp, W. M. White, D. J. Fornari, Wolf Volcano, Galápagos Archipelago: Melting and magmatic evolution at the margins of a mantle plume. J. Petrol. 46, 2197–2224 (2005). M. D. Kurz, J. Curtice, D. Fornari, D. J. Geist, M. Moreira, Primitive neon from the center of the Galápagos hotspot. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 286, 23–34 (2009). J. Trela, E. Gazel, A. V. Sobolev, L. Moore, M. Bizimis, B. Jicha, V. G. Batanova, The hottest lavas of the Phanerozoic and the survival of deep Archaean reservoirs. Nat. Geoscience 10, 451–456 (2017). J. Trela, C. Vidito, E. Gazel, C. Herzberg, C. Class, W. Whalen, B. Jicha, M. Bizimis, G. E. Alvarado, Recycled crust in the Galápagos Plume source at 70 Ma: Implications for plume evolution. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 425, 268–277 (2015). Iron separation and isotope measurements were performed at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge following established procedures such as those described in the following papers: H. M. Williams, M. Bizimis, Iron isotope tracing of mantle heterogeneity within the source regions of oceanic basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 404, 396–407 (2014). C. R. Soderman, S. Matthews, O. Shorttle, M. G. Jackson, S. Ruttor, O. Nebel, S. Turner, C. Beier, M.-A. Millet, E. Widom, M. Humayan, H. M. Williams, Heavy δ57Fe in ocean island basalts: A non-unique signature of processes and source lithologies in the mantle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 292, 309–332 (2021). Measurements were made on a Neptune Plus multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICPMS) in wet plasma, with typical 2 SEs on multiple δ57/54Fe measurements of the same sample better than 0.02‰ and measurements of reference materials in agreement with accepted values. Data table S1 gives the measured Fe isotope data, along with a compilation of selected literature major and trace element used in this study. Data table S2 gives the measured Fe isotope data for the geological reference materials used during analytical sessions. Data table S3 gives the range of calculated primary Fe isotope compositions for each locality. For more information see published paper, Caroline R. Soderman et al. ,The evolution of the Galápagos mantle plume. Sci. Adv.9,eadd5030(2023).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.add5030

Date (Creation): 2023-05-25

Citation identifier: http://data.bgs.ac.uk/id/dataHolding/13608088

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Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
University of Cambridge	Helen Williams	not available	Originator
British Geological Survey	Enquiries	not available	Distributor
British Geological Survey	Enquiries	not available	Point of contact

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Language: English

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Geoscientific information

Begin date: 2020-05-01

End date: 2021-11-01

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Title: INSPIRE Implementing rules laying down technical arrangements for the interoperability and harmonisation of Geology

Date (Publication): 2011

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Title: Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services

Date (Publication): 2010-12-08

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Statement: The samples measured for δ57Fe in this study have been previously characterized for major and trace elements, with some samples also having radiogenic isotope and olivine trace element data. The data sources used are summarized in data S1. The raw δ57Fe data, including results for the standards, are in data S1 and S2. Iron isotope analyses were carried out on dissolutions of 20 mg of whole-rock powders following established procedures in two batches in 2018–2019 and 2021 at the University of Cambridge. Powders were dissolved in a ∼10:1 mixture of HF:HNO3 on a hot plate at 120°C for 48 hours, evaporated to dryness, and redissolved twice in 6 M HCl to remove fluorides. Each dissolution was brought up in 2 ml of 6 M HCl, and 0.5 ml was loaded onto AG1-X4 anion exchange resin, preconditioned with 1 ml of 6 M HCl. Matrix was eluted using 4 ml of 6 M HCl, and then iron was collected with 7 ml of 2 M HCl. A recalibration of the column chemistry in 2021 (after a laboratory shutdown because of coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions) resulted in requiring an extended Fe cut of 8 ml for samples run in 2021 (these samples are marked in data S1). The purified Fe solution was dried, refluxed in HNO3:H2O2, and dissolved in 4 M HNO3 before dilution to 0.1 M HNO3 for isotopic analysis. Sample solutions were analyzed for Fe isotopes on a ThermoNeptune Plus MC-ICPMS at 6 parts per million (ppm) of Fe (2018–2019) or 8 ppm of Fe (2021–2022) in wet plasma and medium resolution mode. Samples were introduced using a quartz cyclonic spray chamber, and instrumental mass bias was corrected for by sample standard bracketing. Sample and standard iron beam intensities (typically 35 to 45 V of 56Fe on a 1010-ohm resistor) were matched to within 5%. Mass dependence, reproducibility, and accuracy were monitored by analysis of an in-house FeCl3 salt standard and international rock standards [Hawaiian Basalt (BHVO-2), Reykjavik Iceland Basalt (BIR-1), and Columbia River Basalt (BCR-2)] processed through column chemistry, giving values in agreement with previous studies. Repeat dissolutions and measurements in 2022 of samples and standards previously run in 2019 were identical, within error (data S1 and S2).