897af404-d0d9-5801-e054-002128a47908 English dataset British Geological Survey +44 115 936 3100 Environmental Science Centre,Keyworth NOTTINGHAM NOTTINGHAMSHIRE NG12 5GG United Kingdom enquiries@bgs.ac.uk pointOfContact 2026-05-24 UK GEMINI 2.3 http://data.bgs.ac.uk/id/dataHolding/13607465 Long-term groundwater-level anomalies across Sub-Saharan Africa (NERC grant NE/M008932/1) 2019-05-21 creation http://data.bgs.ac.uk/id/dataHolding/13607465 Multi-decadal time series of groundwater levels were compiled by the authors from records of observation wells initiated and maintained by government departments and research institutions in nine countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The pan-African collation of these hydrographs was initiated at the 41st Congress of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) in Marrakech (Morocco) on 14th September 2014. All records were subjected to a rigorous review by the authors during which the integrity, continuity, duration and interpretability of records were evaluated. This process included dedicated workshops in Benin, Tanzania, and Uganda, and records failing these tests were discarded from the analysis. Procedures included taking of the first time derivative to identify anomalous spikes in records commonly associated with errors of data-entry. Where multiple records in same geographic and climate zone were available (e.g. Benin, South Africa) we prioritized records remote from potential areas of intensive abstraction. Statistical clustering of records was also used in the Limpopo Basin of South Africa to identify the representativity of employed records at Modderfontein and Sterkloop. Professor Richard Taylor University College London Department of Geography Gower Street London WC1E 6BT not available pointOfContact Professor Richard Taylor University College London Department of Geography Gower Street London WC1E 6BT not available principalInvestigator notApplicable https://resources.bgs.ac.uk/images/geonetworkThumbs/897af404-d0d9-5801-e054-002128a47908.png Geology GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 publication Ground water level BGS Thesaurus of Geosciences 2022 revision NGDC Deposited Data dataCentre NERC_DDC otherRestrictions no limitations The dataset is made freely available for access, e.g. via the Internet. Either no third party data / information is contained in the dataset or BGS has secured written permission from the owner(s) of any third party data / information contained in the dataset to make the dataset freely accessible. otherRestrictions The copyright of materials derived from the British Geological Survey's work is vested in the Natural Environment Research Council [NERC]. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, or stored in a retrieval system of any nature, without the prior permission of the copyright holder, via the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Manager. Use by customers of information provided by the BGS, is at the customer's own risk. In view of the disparate sources of information at BGS's disposal, including such material donated to BGS, that BGS accepts in good faith as being accurate, the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the quality or accuracy of the information supplied, or to the information's suitability for any use. NERC/BGS accepts no liability whatever in respect of loss, damage, injury or other occurence however caused. Available under the Open Government Licence subject to the following acknowledgement accompanying the reproduced NERC materials "Contains NERC materials ©NERC [year]" English geoscientificInformation ISO 3166_1 alpha-3 2009 revision BEN British Geological Survey Gazetteer: Geographical hierarchy from Geosaurus 1979 creation BENIN [id=630000] ISO 3166_1 alpha-2 2009 revision BF ISO 3166_1 alpha-3 2009 revision BFA ISO 3166_1 alpha-2 2009 revision BJ British Geological Survey Gazetteer: Geographical hierarchy from Geosaurus 1979 creation BURKINA FASO [id=626000] ISO 3166_1 alpha-2 2009 revision GH ISO 3166_1 alpha-3 2009 revision GHA British Geological Survey Gazetteer: Geographical hierarchy from Geosaurus 1979 creation GHANA [id=632000] ISO 3166_1 alpha-2 2009 revision NA ISO 3166_1 alpha-3 2009 revision NAM British Geological Survey Gazetteer: Geographical hierarchy from Geosaurus 1979 creation NAMIBIA [id=665000] ISO 3166_1 alpha-2 2009 revision NE ISO 3166_1 alpha-3 2009 revision NER British Geological Survey Gazetteer: Geographical hierarchy from Geosaurus 1979 creation NIGER [id=627000] British Geological Survey Gazetteer: Geographical hierarchy from Geosaurus 1979 creation SOUTH AFRICA [id=670000] British Geological Survey Gazetteer: Geographical hierarchy from Geosaurus 1979 creation TANZANIA [id=685000] ISO 3166_1 alpha-2 2009 revision UG ISO 3166_1 alpha-3 2009 revision UGA British Geological Survey Gazetteer: Geographical hierarchy from Geosaurus 1979 creation UGANDA [id=689000] ISO 3166_1 alpha-2 2009 revision ZA ISO 3166_1 alpha-3 2009 revision ZAF British Geological Survey Gazetteer: Geographical hierarchy from Geosaurus 1979 creation ZIMBABWE [id=677000] ISO 3166_1 alpha-2 2009 revision ZW ISO 3166_1 alpha-3 2009 revision ZWE -1.5000 35.7400 -24.2900 13.5500 1955-01-01 2017-12-31 Text file (TXT) witheld https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/services/ngdc/accessions/index.html#item127973 WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download Data download https://www.bgs.ac.uk/services/ngdc/citedData/catalogue/a6d78c2e-3420-4346-9182-4fd437672412.html WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link information https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1441-7 information dataset dataset INSPIRE Implementing rules laying down technical arrangements for the interoperability and harmonisation of Geology 2011 publication See the referenced specification false Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 publication See http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:323:0011:0102:EN:PDF false Infilling of occasional gaps of less than a week in daily groundwater-level records was achieved by linear interpolation. Because permission to enable access to absolute values of groundwater levels and precipitation at all locations in this dataset has not been granted, both datasets are provided as anomalies with respect to the long-term value for the period of observation.