High-resolution time-resolved synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography datasets of drainage and imbibition in carbonate rocks at reservoir pressure conditions

The datasets contain time-resolved synchrotron X-ray micro-tomographic images (grey-scale and segmented) of multiphase (brine-oil) fluid flow (during drainage and imbibition) in a carbonate rock sample at reservoir pressure conditions. The tomographic images were acquired at a voxel-resolution of 3.28 µm and time-resolution of 38 s. The data were collected at beamline I13 of Diamond Light Source, U.K., with the aim of investigating pore-scale processes during immiscible fluid displacement under a capillary-controlled flow regime. Understanding the pore-scale dynamics is important in many natural and industrial processes such as water infiltration in soils, oil recovery from reservoir rocks, geo-sequestration of supercritical CO2 to address global warming, and subsurface non-aqueous phase liquid contaminant transport. Further details of the sample preparation and fluid injection strategy can be found in Singh et al. (2017). These time-resolved tomographic images can be used for validating various pore-scale displacement models such as direct simulations, pore-network and neural network models, as well as for investigating flow mechanisms related to the displacement and trapping of the non-wetting phase in the pore space.

Date (Creation): 2015-09

Citation identifier: http://data.bgs.ac.uk/id/dataHolding/13607367

Point of contact

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre	qccsrc@imperial.ac.uk	not available	Author
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre	qccsrc@imperial.ac.uk	not available	Point of contact
Imperial College London	Kamaljit Singh	not available	Point of contact
Imperial College London	Martin Blunt	not available	Point of contact

Maintenance and update frequency: notApplicable

GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0

Geology

BGS Thesaurus of Geosciences

Carbonate rocks
Pore space
Tomography
UKCCS
Carbon capture and storage
NGDC Deposited Data
X ray analysis

dataCentre

Keywords

NERC_DDC

Access constraints: Other restrictions

Other constraints: intellectualPropertyRights

Other constraints: Either : (i) the dataset has not been formally approved by BGS for access and use by external clients under license; and / or (ii) the dataset contains 3rd party data or information obtained by BGS under terms and conditions that must be consulted before the dataset can be provided to, or accessed by, BGS staff or external clients. Refer to the BGS staff member responsible for the creation of the dataset if further advice is required. He / she should be familiar with the composition of the dataset, particularly with regard to 3rd party IPR contained in it, and any resultant access restrictions. This staff member should revert to the IPR Section (IPR@bgs.ac.uk) for advice, should the position not be clear.

Use constraints: Other restrictions

Other constraints: The copyright of materials derived from the British Geological Survey's work is vested in the Natural Environment Research Council [NERC]. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, or stored in a retrieval system of any nature, without the prior permission of the copyright holder, via the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Manager. Use by customers of information provided by the BGS, is at the customer's own risk. In view of the disparate sources of information at BGS's disposal, including such material donated to BGS, that BGS accepts in good faith as being accurate, the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the quality or accuracy of the information supplied, or to the information's suitability for any use. NERC/BGS accepts no liability whatever in respect of loss, damage, injury or other occurence however caused.

Other constraints: Either: (i) the dataset is made freely available, e.g. via the Internet, for a restricted category of use (e.g. educational use only); or (ii) the dataset has not been formally approved by BGS for access and use by external clients under licence, but its use may be permitted under alternative formal arrangements; or (iii) the dataset contains 3rd party data or information obtained by BGS under terms and conditions that must be consulted in order to determine the permitted usage of the dataset. Refer to the BGS staff member responsible for the creation of the dataset if further advice is required. He / she should be familiar with the composition of the dataset, particularly with regard to 3rd party IPR contained in it, and any resultant use restrictions. This staff member should revert to the IPR Section ( ipr@bgs.ac.uk) for advice, should the position not be clear.

Language: English

Topic category

Geoscientific information

Begin date: 2015-09-09

End date: 2015-09-15 After

Supplemental Information: Reference: Singh, K., Menke, H., Andrew, M., Lin, Q., Rau, C., Blunt, M.J. and Bijeljic, B. (2017) Dynamics of snap-off and pore-filling events during two-phase fluid flow in permeable media. Scientific Reports 7(1), 5192.

Reference System Information

No information provided.

Distribution format

Name	Version
.raw

OnLine resource

Protocol	Linkage	Name
	http://www.bgs.ac.uk/ukccs/accessions/index.html#item112690

OnLine resource

Protocol	Linkage	Name
	http://dx.doi.org/10.5285/3aa44060-d4fd-453f-9e5b-7d885ad5089f	Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Hierarchy level: Non geographic dataset

Other: non geographic dataset

Conformance result

Title: INSPIRE Implementing rules laying down technical arrangements for the interoperability and harmonisation of Geology

Date (Publication): 2011

Explanation: See the referenced specification

Pass: No

Conformance result

Title: Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services

Date (Publication): 2010-12-08

Explanation: See http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:323:0011:0102:EN:PDF

Pass: No

Statement: The details of the sample preparation and fluid injection strategy can be found in Singh et al. (2017). The rock sample was imaged with synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography at the Diamond Light Source (UK), on the Diamond-Manchester Imaging Branchline (I13-2), using a pink beam with photon energies up to 30 keV. The low energy X-rays were filtered by placing a set of 0.2 mm pyrolytic carbon, 2.2 mm aluminum, and 0.1 mm gold filters in the beam, which controlled the heating of the sample due to the absorption of low energy X-rays by the sample. The X-rays were converted to visible light by using a 250 ƒÊm thick CdWO4 scintillator; these photons were then recorded by a PCO Edge camera. Tomographic images with a size of 20003 voxels were acquired at a voxel size of 1.64 ƒÊm, which were then binned (2~2~2) to obtain images of 10003 voxels with a voxel size of 3.28 ƒÊm. A total of 3000 projections with an exposure time of 0.06 s were acquired over 180‹ rotation for scanning the dry rock sample before starting the flow experiment. For time-resolved imaging during drainage and imbibition, we collected 800 projections with an exposure time of 0.02 s for each tomographic image. Total acquisition time for each time-resolved tomographic image was 24 s (16 s for acquisition and 8 s for triggering). The real time-step between each image was 38 s (which included 14 s for repositioning the rotation stage and transferring the data to a storage disk). We acquired a total of 496 tomographic images during drainage and 416 images during imbibition. The images were acquired in .tiff format. These were then processed using Avizo software and converted to .raw format. The grey-scale images are in 16 bit unsigned .raw, and binary (segmented) images are in 8 bit unsinged .raw format.