1a248ecb-95a7-5edc-e063-0937940ab11a English nonGeographicDataset non geographic dataset British Geological Survey +44 115 936 3100 Environmental Science Centre,Keyworth NOTTINGHAM NOTTINGHAMSHIRE NG12 5GG United Kingdom enquiries@bgs.ac.uk pointOfContact 2026-04-08 UK GEMINI 2.3 http://data.bgs.ac.uk/id/dataHolding/13608243 Photos, XRF elements, total N and C, and isotopic data (d18O, d13C) from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 225 cores, central Red Sea 2024-06-03 creation http://data.bgs.ac.uk/id/dataHolding/13608243 Photographs, 18O/16O isotopic ratios, XRF-derived elemental and N, C concentration data are provided for sediment cores from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 225, central Red Sea. This site was originally drilled in April 1972 by rotatary drilling to recover cores through parts of the Plio-Pleistocene sediments for studies of past Red Sea water properties and regional climate. The rotary drilling disturbed the sediments by varied amounts, though left some 1.5-m sections of core almost intact. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data comprise elemental proportions for the core archive sections selected where they showed the least drilling disturbance. These and the core photographs were obtained at Kochi University, Japan, using an ITRAX core scanner during 2023 and 2024. Given the age of the cores, the archive sections are not perfectly flat, hence the ITRAX-derived elemental data may be distorted by varied distance between the sensor and the core, as well as by cracks within the core. The user needs to judge these data against the core photographs. As the lighter 16O isotope is evaporated preferentially over 18O and tends to get locked up in ice sheets during glacial periods, measurements of the ratio 18O/16O in carbonate sediments are often useful for recording evidence of global climatic cycles. In the Red Sea, the ratio is further affected by local evaporation, as the basin has been variably isolated from the Indian Ocean, partly as a result of sea-level variations affecting the exchange of water between the basins. Samples of ~20 cm3 were selected with two sets of intervals. Coarse-interval sampling was chosen spanning the Plio-Pleistocene for reconnaissance, while denser sampling was carried out across particular intervals of scientific interest. Within these intervals, the shells of foraminifera were separated into different species. Shells of Cibicidoides mundulus were primarily selected for measurements of 18O/16O. Analyses were carried out in 2024 at the University of Southampton (UK) using a Kiel carbonate device coupled to a Mat253 IRMS. XRF core scanning and sampling were carried out by technical staff of the Marine Core Research Institute, Kochi University under supervision of the IODP Core Curator Yusuke Kubo. Diederik Liebrand disaggregated the samples, separated the foraminifera shells and carried out the oxygen isotopic measurements. Selected samples were also analysed for nitrogen and carbon contents (weight percent of bulk sample in columns B and C) at the University of Liverpool by Steve Crowley. Neil Mitchell University of Manchester Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Williamson Building, Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL not available originator Diederik Liebrand University of Manchester not available originator Yusuke Kubo Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research Kochi Japan not available originator Stephen Crowley University of Liverpool not available originator Enquiries British Geological Survey United Kingdom not available distributor Enquiries British Geological Survey United Kingdom not available pointOfContact notApplicable https://resources.bgs.ac.uk/images/geonetworkThumbs/1a248ecb-95a7-5edc-e063-0937940ab11a.png Geology GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 publication Carbon isotopes Pliocene Oxygen isotopes Pleistocene BGS Thesaurus of Geosciences 2022 revision NGDC Deposited Data Citable Data dataCentre NERC_DDC otherRestrictions restricted The dataset has been formally approved by BGS for access by external clients under a BGS Digital Data Licence, issued via BGS's IPR Section. The dataset must not be provided to, or be accessible by, an external client until the IPR Section confirms that signed licence documentation is in place. Refer to the IPR Section (DigitalLE@bgs.ac.) if further advice is required.. Constraint applies until 2026-05-30 otherRestrictions The copyright of materials derived from the British Geological Survey's work is vested in the Natural Environment Research Council [NERC]. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, or stored in a retrieval system of any nature, without the prior permission of the copyright holder, via the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Manager. Use by customers of information provided by the BGS, is at the customer's own risk. In view of the disparate sources of information at BGS's disposal, including such material donated to BGS, that BGS accepts in good faith as being accurate, the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the quality or accuracy of the information supplied, or to the information's suitability for any use. NERC/BGS accepts no liability whatever in respect of loss, damage, injury or other occurence however caused. Either: (i) the dataset is made freely available, e.g. via the Internet, for a restricted category of use (e.g. educational use only); or (ii) the dataset has not been formally approved by BGS for access and use by external clients under licence, but its use may be permitted under alternative formal arrangements; or (iii) the dataset contains 3rd party data or information obtained by BGS under terms and conditions that must be consulted in order to determine the permitted usage of the dataset. Refer to the BGS staff member responsible for the creation of the dataset if further advice is required. He / she should be familiar with the composition of the dataset, particularly with regard to 3rd party IPR contained in it, and any resultant use restrictions. This staff member should revert to the IPR Section (ipr@bgs.ac.uk) for advice, should the position not be clear. English geoscientificInformation 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 Microsoft Excel (XLSX) witheld Image (JPEG) Enquiries British Geological Survey United Kingdom not available distributor http://www.deepseadrilling.org/23/volume/dsdp23_15.pdf WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download Deep Sea Drilling project Report information https://doi.org/10.5285/b7b53899-283d-48ba-bc78-f1fe1dd97a01 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Citation Information - Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Liebrand, D., Mitchell, N.C., Kubo, Y., Crowley, S. (2024). Photos, XRF elements, total N and C, and isotopic data (d18O, d13C) from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 225 cores, central Red Sea. NERC EDS National Geoscience Data Centre. (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.5285/b7b53899-283d-48ba-bc78-f1fe1dd97a01 information https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/services/ngdc/accessions/index.html#item185322 WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download Data download nonGeographicDataset non geographic dataset INSPIRE Implementing rules laying down technical arrangements for the interoperability and harmonisation of Geology 2011 publication See the referenced specification false Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 publication See http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:323:0011:0102:EN:PDF false Within Excel file NE_X002519_1_isotopes.xlsx, samples are identified in Column A using standard drilling convention: DSDP drilling leg, Site number, Core number, Core section, start and end depths of sample down-core (cm). In Excel file NE_X002519_1_XRF.xlsx, the data are ordered similarly following IODP convention (filenames in Column A generated by the ITRAX, while Column B contains distance down section). The core photos were also obtained using the ITRAX. These files are named using the same convention as above: Site number (225), core number, section number, A (“A” for archive core half) and, for a few files, a further number 1 or 2 if there are multiple photos of the same core section). XRF data have not been modified. 18O/16O data were generated at the University of Southampton and have not been drift corrected. They are calibrated to the VPDB scale.