18f44169-9135-6480-e063-0937940a7e29 English model model British Geological Survey +44 131 667 1000 The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South EDINBURGH LOTHIAN EH14 4AP United Kingdom enquiries@bgs.ac.uk pointOfContact 2026-04-07 UK GEMINI 2.3 http://data.bgs.ac.uk/id/dataHolding/13608239 3D Reservoir Models of the Endurance proposed CCS storage site in the UK incorporating the upscaled impact of capillary heterogeneity 2024-05-01 creation http://data.bgs.ac.uk/id/dataHolding/13608239 Rock heterogeneity can lead to the variation of capillary pressure within a reservoir, also termed ‘capillary heterogeneity’. Research has found that this capillary heterogeneity can lead to variations in the upscaled relative permeability. In this work, we investigate the upscaled impact of capillary heterogeneity on CO2 plume migration. We build a 3D reservoir model of the Endurance proposed CCS site in the UK. The model incorporates geological information publicly available under the Northern Endurance Partnership project. The upscaling scheme we apply is a novel 3D capillary-limit upscaling scheme using invasion percolation theory. The upscaling scheme produces heterogeneous, upscaled porosity, permeability, capillary pressure and relative permeability within each upscaled grid block. We simulate CO2 injection into this model using ECLIPSE. To investigate the impact of capillary heterogeneity on CO2 plume migration, we generate different reservoir models with different levels of heterogeneity. The first model, called ‘VL Zero’ incorporates a homogeneous, viscous-limit relative permeability and the upscaled capillary pressure within each grid block is set to zero. This represents a model where the impact of capillary heterogeneity is disregarded and not upscaled. The ‘CL Pc’ model represents the fully heterogeneous model, where a heterogeneous, upscaled capillary-limit relative permeability and heterogeneous, upscaled capillary pressure is implemented in each grid. This model represents a model where the impact of capillary heterogeneity is fully accounted for. Comparison of the fluid behaviour in these two reservoir models provides an insight into the flow variations due to capillary heterogeneity. The Eclipse data files provided in this dataset can be used to simulate CO2 injection into the reservoir model. Nele Wenck Imperial College London Faculty of Engineering, Department of Earth Science & Engineering Exhibition Road, South Kensington London SW7 2AZ not available originator Enquiries British Geological Survey United Kingdom not available distributor Enquiries British Geological Survey United Kingdom not available pointOfContact notApplicable https://resources.bgs.ac.uk/images/geonetworkThumbs/18f44169-9135-6480-e063-0937940a7e29.png Geology GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 publication Carbon capture and storage Reservoir simulation BGS Thesaurus of Geosciences 2022 revision UKCCS NGDC Deposited Data Citable Data dataCentre NERC_DDC otherRestrictions licenceOGL Available under the Open Government Licence subject to the following acknowledgement accompanying the reproduced NERC materials "Contains NERC materials ©NERC [year]" otherRestrictions The copyright of materials derived from the British Geological Survey's work is vested in the Natural Environment Research Council [NERC]. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, or stored in a retrieval system of any nature, without the prior permission of the copyright holder, via the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Manager. Use by customers of information provided by the BGS, is at the customer's own risk. In view of the disparate sources of information at BGS's disposal, including such material donated to BGS, that BGS accepts in good faith as being accurate, the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the quality or accuracy of the information supplied, or to the information's suitability for any use. NERC/BGS accepts no liability whatever in respect of loss, damage, injury or other occurence however caused. Available under the Open Government Licence subject to the following acknowledgement accompanying the reproduced NERC materials "Contains NERC materials ©NERC [year]" English geoscientificInformation 2022-01-01 2023-07-01 ECLIPSE .data files witheld Enquiries British Geological Survey United Kingdom not available distributor https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/services/ngdc/accessions/index.html#item184900 WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download Data download https://doi.org/10.5285/7b616c86-e426-436d-87cd-1a3a8cc3c06d WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Citation Information - Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Wenck, N. (2024). 3D Eclipse models of the proposed Endurance CCS site incorporating the upscaled impact of capillary heterogeneity. NERC EDS National Geoscience Data Centre. (Model). https://doi.org/10.5285/7b616c86-e426-436d-87cd-1a3a8cc3c06d information model model INSPIRE Implementing rules laying down technical arrangements for the interoperability and harmonisation of Geology 2011 publication See the referenced specification false Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 publication See http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:323:0011:0102:EN:PDF false The reservoir model was developed using publicly available geological data from the Endurance reservoir in combination with laboratory observations. The reservoir model is built following a geostatistical approach. The model is then upscaled to reduce the number of grid blocks. We use a novel, 3D capillary-limit upscaling scheme, originating in the work by Wenck et al (2023). The upscaling scheme produces heterogeneous porosity, permeability, capillary pressure and relative permeability in 3D. This model forms the basis for the Eclipse files provided in this dataset.